π-interactions

π-interactions are types of non-covalent interactions that involve the attractive forces between ions or molecules and the electron-rich π-systems of aromatic rings.

TODO:

=== “Benzene lowest-occupied molecular orbital”

<figure markdown>
![](../../../../../img/sbdd/binding/benzene/benzene_MO_17.jpg){ alight=left width=300 }
</figure>

**Credit:** [Dr. S. Immel](http://csi.chemie.tu-darmstadt.de/ak/immel/tutorials/orbitals/molecular/benzene.html#orbitals)

=== “Benzene highest-occupied molecular orbitals”

<figure markdown>
![](../../../../../img/sbdd/binding/benzene/benzene_MO_20.jpg){ alight=left width=300 }
</figure>

<figure markdown>
![](../../../../../img/sbdd/binding/benzene/benzene_MO_21.jpg){ alight=left width=300 }
</figure>

**Credit:** [Dr. S. Immel](http://csi.chemie.tu-darmstadt.de/ak/immel/tutorials/orbitals/molecular/benzene.html#orbitals)

π-π

=== “Edge-to-face”

<figure markdown>
![](../../../../../img/sbdd/binding/pi-interactions/pi-pi-edge-to-face.png){ alight=left width=200 }
</figure>

=== “Displaced”

<figure markdown>
![](../../../../../img/sbdd/binding/pi-interactions/pi-pi-displaced.png){ alight=left width=200 }
</figure>

=== “Face-to-face”

<figure markdown>
![](../../../../../img/sbdd/binding/pi-interactions/pi-pi-face-to-face.png){ alight=left width=200 }
</figure>

Cation-π